Report

Report: Introduction of Laboratory Tools

CHAPTER I

PRELIMINARY

1.1 Background

In conducting chemical experiments must be used in laboratory equipments such as beaker, scales, test tube, stative and other. The use of these tools is intended to support the work of praktikan in experimenting. In conducting chemical experiments certainly praktikan not apart from substances or chemical solutions are dangerous, toxic, and flammable.In the lab, it is expected that no errors in use because it will threaten the safety of praktikan while working. In order to avoid accidents during practicum, praktikan must have the knowledge and ability enough to use the tools practicum well, because every tool has different procedure. Therefore introduction of laboratory equipments like function and how to use them is needed to facilitate praktikan in Doing practicum, obtaining accurate data and also for the safety of praktikan.

1.2 Purpose Objectives

1. Students know the name and function of laboratory equipment

2. Students know the type, nature and function of chemicals

3. Students know how to use some laboratory tools

CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW  

The laboratory is the best place to know the techniques required for consistent and reproducible analysis (Cairns, 2003).

The laboratory is a place equipped with equipment for conducting experiments in science or conducting tests and anlisis.Alat chemical laboratory is an object that digunaka in activities chemistry laboratories that can be done repeatedly. Examples of laboratory tools chemistry: test tube, measuring cup, thermometer, spirtus burner and so forth (Poedjiadi, 1984).

The laboratory is the best place to know the techniques necessary for consistent and reproducible analysis (Cairns, 2003)

       Laboratory equipments are the tools we need in the research process or in the lab process. In practice the introduction of laboratory tools and sterilization tools will be explained in detail about the function and specification of each tool. Sterilization is an attempt to free ingredients from undesirable microbes (Anonymous.2013).

How to use the tool to avoid misuse and usage. Laboratory tools are also many dangerous tools such as must be so simple before using the tool we have to sterilize our hand. If not it can interfere with the process of a study and of course will have an impact on The results of the study. Attention to the use of laboratory equipment should be considered for safety and success of work or research. In the laboratory introduction of laboratory equipment and sterilization tools will be explained in detail about the function and specification of each tool. Sterilization is an attempt to free undesirable microbial substances (Anonymous, 2013).

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Tools and materials

1) Cup of trophies

2) Erlenmeyer

3) Measuring flask

4) Petridish

5) Measuring cup

6) Glass watch

7) The reaction tube

8) The vapor plate

9) Mortal

10) Krush

11) Pipette drops

12) Pipette volume

13) Pipette Mumps

14) Mixer rod

15) Sudip

16) Splitter

17) Desiccator

18) Buret

19) Funnels

20) Shelf tube raeksi

21) Clamps test tube

22) Statif and clamps

23) Brush the test tube

24) Triangle

25) The suction ball

26) The spiritus light

27) Bunsen

28) Three-legs

29) Bottle spray

30) Wire netting

31) Utility clamps

32) Oven

33) Furnaces

34) Hot plate

35) Analytical Scales

3.2 How it works

3.2.1 Chemical Glasses

How to use it is cleaned, calibrated, then dried with a cloth. Store the solution inside.

3.2.2 Erlenmeyer Pump

How to use it is cleaned, calibrated, then dried with a cloth. Then a solution is inserted and then titrated, then shaken to rotate the erlenmeyer flask.

3.2.3 Measure Glasses

How to use the solution is put into a measuring cup. Adjust the required volume. Read the volume accuracy by looking down the meniscus.

3.2.4 Pipette

How to use it is cleaned, calibrated, then cleaned with suction paper. Then dip it in solution. Press the piler then loosen.

3.2.5 Buret

How to use it is cleaned, calibrated, then dried with a stir bar that is covered with suction paper. Check the condition of the faucet and the drops are leaking or not. Then calibrated with the solution to be loaded into the burette, check for bubbles or not. Open the tap slowly to remove the solution.

3.2.6 Reaction Tubes

How to use it is first cleaned then calibrated with aqua DM after that lap with a cloth or wipe paper. Then the sample to be reacted is inserted into the test tube.

3.2.7 Glass Watch

How to use it is first cleaned with a tissue or a cloth, then put on top of a beaker if used as a glass beaker, or place the chemical to be weighed on the glass.

3.2.8 Funnels

Place the funnel over Erlenmeyer's mouth or burette, slowly insert the field into the mouth of the funnel.

3.2.9 Grail

Insert the ingredients or solution to be vaporized over the cup. After that heat or steam into the oven.

3.2.10 Mortar and Pastle

How to use it is to enter the chemical in the form of solids into mortar (mortar) and gerus until smooth using alu (pastle).

3.2.11 Spatula

Take a material or a substance in the form of solids with a spatula, then place it in a place to store materials such as a watch glass.

3.2.12 Mixer rod

Stir the solution in the beaker with a stirring stick, then observe.

3.2.13 Wire Netting

Place the wire netting on top of Bunsen with three legs. Then put a glass tool in which the solution will be heated.

3.2.14 Leg Three

How to use it is placed between Bunsen and wire netting.

3.2.15 Pumpkin Measure

How to use it is cleaned, calibrated, then cleaned with a washcloth. Then put the solution to dilute or insert the substance with the help of suction paper, so that the substance does not stick to the wall above the upper limit. Then put the aquadest to dissolve it. Then fit it with the lower border. Close then homogenize.

3.2.16 Thermometer

How to use the thermometer is inserted into a solution and then consider the temperature of the solution or the temperature changes that occur.

3.2.17 Reaction Tube Rack

How to use it is to place the test tube into the holes that exist in the rack of the test tube.

CHAPTER IV

OBSERVATION RESULT

4.1 Results of observation

No	Name	Function
1	beaker	-Where to store the solution -Place to heat the chemical solution, to evaporate solvent / solvent or to concentrate
2	Erlenmeyer	-Place reacting substances and / or mixing substances -Used as a place of substance to be titrated
3	Volumetric flask	-Place the solution and dilute the solution
4	Petri Dish	- A place for microbial breeding
5	Measuring cup	-To measure the volume of the solution
6	Watch glass	-As a container for weighing
7	Test tube	-To react two or more substances on a small scale
8	Vaporizer cup	-To dry a material in a desiccant oven
9	Mortar and pestle	-To soften substances that are still solid or crystalline
10	Krush	-Made of porcelain, inert. -Used to heat metal metals, for example ash content of metals and other materials
11	Drop pipette	-To drip or take the solution in small amounts
12	Pipette volume	-To measure the volume of the solution
13	Pipette Mumps	-To take the solution at a certain volume
14	Stirring bar	-To stir or shake an ingested substance
15	Sudip	-To take chemicals in solid form, for example in the form of crystals
16	Split funnel	-To separate two non-mixed solutions due to differences in density, usually used in the extraction process
17	Desiccator	-To store materials that must be free of water and to dry substances in the laboratory, there are two types of desensors namely the usual desiccator and vacuum desiccator
18	Buret	-Used for titration and at a certain level can also be used to measure the volume of a solution
19	Funnel	-To insert or remove the solution from one place to another and also used for filtration process after having the filter paper on top
20	Tube shelf reaction	- To place the test tube
21	Clamp the test tube	- Clamping the test tube
22	Stative and clamps	-Clamping the socket on the extraction process -Clamping the burette on the titration process -Clamping the condenser to the distillation process
23	Brush the test tube	-To brush the test tube while washing it
24	Triangle	- To place the cup / erlenmeyer when heated
25	The suction ball	-To suck out the solution to be removed from the solution bottle
26	Spark light	- To burn the substance / heating solution
27	Bunsen	-To heat the solution, and can also be used for sterilization in a process
28	Tripod	-To buffer the spirtus burner
29	Spray bottle	-Place put aquades
30	Wire netting	-To hold pumpkin or beaker during heating time, use spritus heater or bunsen heater
31	Utility clamps	-To clamp a glass tool such as, erlenmeyer, cup, etc.
32	Oven	-To dry tools before use, and to dry materials that are wet
33	furnace	- Determining ash content
34	Hot plate	-As a heater
35	Analytical Scales	-To weigh substances

CHAPTER V

DISCUSSION

4.1 Discussion

1. Glasses of chemicals

The large, large-diameter tall glass, made of heat-resistant borosilicate glass, serves to measure the volume of a solution that does not require high levels of precision, holds chemicals, heats liquids and heating liquids. How to use it is cleaned, calibrated, then dried with a cloth. Store the solution inside.

2. Erlenmeyer

In the form of a glass whose diameter is increasingly upwards by the scale along its wall, it serves to store and heat the way it is cleaned, calibrated, and dried with a cloth. Then a solution is inserted and then titrated, then shaken to rotate the erlenmeyer flask, accommodate filtrate of filtrate, and hold the titrant (the titrated solution) in the filtration process.

3. Pump size

Pumpkin with a long, closed neck, made of glass and should not be exposed to heat because it can expand to function to make a solution with a certain concentration and dilute the solution. How to use it is cleaned, calibrated, then cleaned with a washcloth. Then put the solution to dilute or insert the substance with the help of suction paper, so that the substance does not stick to the wall above the upper limit. Then put the aquadest to dissolve it. Then fit it with the lower border. Close then homogenize.

4.Petridish

A place to breed microbes.

5. Measuring cup

In the form of tall glass with a scale along the wall, made of glass or plastic that is not heat resistant, serves to measure the volume of the solution does not require a high level of accuracy in a certain amount.

6. Glass watch

Made of clear glass and has various sizes serving as a glass beaker when heating samples, a place when weighing chemicals, and a place to dry solids in a desiccator. How to use it is first cleaned with a tissue or a cloth, then put on top of a beaker if used as a glass beaker, or place the chemical to be weighed on the glass.

7. Test tube

The tubes are sometimes equipped with a lid, made of heat-resistant borosilicate glass, serves as a place to react chemicals and to perform chemical reactions on a small scale. How to use it is first cleaned then calibrated with aqua dm after that lap with a cloth or paper suction. Then the sample to be reacted is inserted into the test tube.

8. Cup

Made of porcelain, serves to expose the solution. Put the ingredients or solution to be vaporized over the cup. After that heat or steam into the oven

9. Mortar and Pastle

Made of glass, porcelain, or granite stone serves to destroy and mix solids. How to use it is to enter the chemical in the form of solids into the mortar (Mortar) and gerus until smooth using pestle (Pastle).

10.Krush

 Made of persolene and is inert, used to heat metals.

11.Pipet drops

To drip or take a solution with a small amount

12. Pipette volume

To measure the volume of the solution

13. Pipette Mumps

The means to extract a certain amount of liquid or free quantity, to take a certain amount of fluid appropriately (pipette of size), to measure and remove a solution with a certain volume (pipette of size), and to take a liquid on a small scale (pipette drops) . How to use the solution is put into a measuring cup. Adjust the required volume. Read the volume accuracy by looking down the meniscus.

14. Stirring rod

Made of heat-resistant glass serves to stir chemical liquids in a beaker. Stir the solution in the beaker with a stirring stick, then observe.

15. Sudip / Spatula

Form of a long spoon with flat top tip, made of stainless steel or aluminum serves to take the chemical in the form of solids and used to stir the solution. Take a material or a substance in the form of solids with a spatula, then place it in a place to store materials such as a watch glass.

16. Splitter

Made of plastic or heat-resistant glass and has a stemware-like shape, consisting of a long, short-stem mouthpiece to separate two non-mixed solutions due to the difference in density. Separate funnel is used in the extraction process.

17.desikator

To store materials that must be water-free and dry the substances in the laboratory. Known two types of desiccers namely the usual desiccator and vacuum desiccator.

18 Buret

Form a striped glass tube and has a valve diujungnya, serves to remove a solution with a certain volume, usually used for titration. How to use it is cleaned, calibrated, then dried with a stir bar that is covered with suction paper. Check the condition of the faucet and the drops are leaking or not. Then calibrated with the solution to be loaded into the burette, check for bubbles or not. Open the tap slowly to remove the solution.

19. Funnel

Used to insert or inject a filtering solution after filtered paper.

20 Reaction tube shelf

The reaction tube rack is made of wood with holes the size of the test tube serves as a place to put the test tube. How to use it is to place the test tube into the holes that exist in the rack of the test tube.

21.Pack the test tube

To clamp the test tube.

22.Stative and clamps

As a brace, for example:

- To clamp the socket on the extraction process

- Clamping the burette in the titration process

- To clamp the condenser in the distillation process

23 Brush the test tube

To clean the test tube after use for the lab.

24. Triangle

To hold the container, for example a crucible during heating or a funnel at the time of filtration.

25.B suction ball

To suck out the solution to be removed from the solution bottle

26.Lights spritus

To heat the solution and can also be used for sterilization in the process of a process.

27.Bunsen

To heat the solution, and can also be used for sterilization in a process

28. Legs three

The iron buffer ring serves to hold the wire netting in the heating. How to use it is placed between bunsen and wire netting.

29. Bottle spray

Place put aquades.

30. Wire screen

Wire coated with asbestos serves as a base in the heat dissemination from a barrier. Place the wire netting on top of the bunsen with three foot supports. Then put a glass tool in which the solution will be heated

31.Klem utilities

To clamp a glass tool such as, erlenmeyer, cup, etc.

32.Oven

To dry the tools before use and is used to dry the material in wet condition.

33.Tanur

Used as a heater at high temperatures, about 1000 ° c.

34.Hot plate

To heat the solution. Usually for flammable solutions.

35. Analytical Scales

To weigh substances

CHAPTER VI

COVER

6.1 Conclusions

1. After practicing practicum can know the names and functions of laboratory equipment.

2. Each type of chemical substance has different properties, such as acid that is corrosive to the surrounding objects, in addition chemicals have the same function.

3. After practicing practicum can know how to use some laboratory tools, Laboratory tools have different functions and ways of using.

6.2 Suggestions

Preferably at the time of practicum we all must maintain the condition of the condition of the room for the lab work safely and smoothly.

CHAPTER VII

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Anonymous. 2013. Tools Pratikum Kimia. Www.scribd.com. Accessed October 25, 2013

Braddy, James E. 1994. Chemistry University Edition Fifth. Jakarta: Erlangga.

Cairns, Donald. 2003. Intisari Kimia Farmasi Edisi Kedua. Buku Kedokteran EGC. Jakarta.

Http://apriansyaabdullah.blogspot.co.id/2014/03/example-report-praktikum- introduction.html